
胚胎时期血液的形成依赖于骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)等因素,在1月10日出版的《细胞—干细胞》(Cell Stem Cell)上,来自加拿大、美国、法国、德国和英国的两组科学家分别发表文章,分析了各种信号通路在促进鼠胚胎干细胞血液形成方面的作用。
科学家一直不清楚BMP信号如何与其它胚胎造血过程因子相互作用。而利用胚胎干细胞,研究人员发现BMP4首先诱导腹后中胚层(ventral-posterior mesoderm)发生,然后通过激活Wnt3a并促进Cdx和Hox基因使中胚层细胞发育成血液成分。当这一过程中BMP信号被阻断时,增加Cdx1或Cdx4基因的表达能恢复胚胎造血过程。此外,Wnt信号与BMP诱导的造血过程相互作用,而Wnt受动器LEF1能调节Cdx基因的激活。
研究结果表明,BMP信号在胚胎造血过程中起到了两个截然不同而又相互联系的作用:开始时诱导中胚层发生,接着通过激发Wnt信号和Cdx-Hox通路促使血液成分形成。
而在另一个小组的文章中,来自加拿大和美国的科学家利用胚胎干细胞分化系统分析Activin/Nodal、BMP和Wnt信号通路在胚胎造血过程三个阶段-原线(primitive streak)形成、Flk1+中胚层形成以及造血祖细胞形成-中的作用。结果发现,Activin/Nodal和Wnt信号对于诱导原线发生是必需的,而这一过程中BMP没有起到作用。尽管BMP对于诱导原线形成并非必需,它却对原线起到了后向作用。在Flk1+中胚层形成诱导过程中,以上三种信号通路都有所作用,在Flk1+中胚层向造血系统分化过程中,需要VEGF和Wnt,但是不需要BMP和Activin/Nodal信号,其中Wnt信号对于原始红系细胞(erythroid cell)很关键。
以上研究结果揭示了血细胞形成过程中各种信号的动力学变化,并确定了Wnt在原始红系细胞系统发育过程的重要作用。(科学网 何宏辉/编译)
封面图片:在含有骨形态发生蛋白4的介质中分化得到的来自人类胚胎干细胞BG01的红系细胞。(图片提供:波士顿儿童医院Il Ho Jang以及Thorsten Schlaeger)
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原文一:
Cell Stem Cell, Vol 2, 60-71, 10 January 2008
Article
Wnt, Activin, and BMP Signaling Regulate Distinct Stages in the Developmental Pathway from Embryonic Stem Cells to Blood
M. Cristina Nostro,1 Xin Cheng,2 Gordon M. Keller,1,2,
and Paul Gadue2,
1 McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
2 Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
Corresponding author
Gordon M. Keller
gkeller@uhnresearch.ca

Corresponding author
Paul Gadue
paul.gadue@mssm.edu
The embryonic stem cell differentiation system was used to define the roles of the Activin/Nodal, BMP, and canonical Wnt signaling pathways at three distinct developmental stages during hematopoietic ontogeny: induction of a primitive streak-like population, formation of Flk1+ mesoderm, and induction of hematopoietic progenitors. Activin/Nodal and Wnt, but not BMP, signaling are required for the induction of the primitive streak. Although BMP is not required for primitive streak induction, it displays a strong posteriorizing effect on this population. All three signaling pathways regulate induction of Flk1+ mesoderm. The specification of Flk1+ mesoderm to the hematopoietic lineages requires VEGF and Wnt, but not BMP or Activin/Nodal signaling. Specifically, Wnt signaling is essential for commitment of the primitive erythroid, but not the definitive lineages. These findings highlight dynamic changes in signaling requirements during blood cell development and identify a role for Wnt signaling in the establishment of the primitive erythroid lineage.