美国的新医学研究显示，婴儿在子宫内如果受到母体糖尿病和肥胖基因的影响，新生命在青春期患上II型糖尿病的风险将会提高。
以美国科罗拉多大学达比利教授为首的研究小组在《糖尿病护理》（Diabetes Care）刊物中说，在母体受糖尿病影响的婴孩，年轻时出现II型糖尿病的几率增加7倍，如果受影响的是肥胖，几率会提高3倍。
研究对象是79名在20岁之前被诊断患上II型糖尿病的青少年，以及190名非糖尿病青少年。
达比利教授估计，47%的青少年突然出现II型糖尿病是因为在出生之前已在母体内受到糖尿病和肥胖基因的影响。
研究也发现，在怀孕前有糖尿病的母亲，比怀孕后才出现糖尿病者，她们的孩子今后患上糖尿病的几率将高出2.5倍。
研究小组从这些婴孩的身高体重指数(BMI)变化中发现，母体肥胖使婴孩在儿童时期出现超重，以致提高了患糖尿病的危险。
研究报告在总结时指出，为了避免年轻人突然出现II型糖尿病，“我们必须采取终身疗法，除了防止孩子在儿童时期太过痴肥之外，也应该减少妇女在怀孕期间受到糖尿病和肥胖的困扰。”
原始出处：
Diabetes Care，31:1422-1426，Dana Dabelea，Richard F. Hamman
1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
2 Nutrition Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
3 Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina
4 Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
5 The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
OBJECTIVE—Limited data exist on the association between in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity and type 2 diabetes in diverse youth. These associations were explored in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth participating in the SEARCH Case-Control Study.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 79 youth with type 2 diabetes and 190 nondiabetic control youth aged 10–22 years attended a research visit. In utero exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity were recalled by biological mothers.
RESULTS—Youth with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have been exposed to maternal diabetes or obesity in utero than were nondiabetic control youth (P < 0.0001 for each). After adjusting for offspring age, sex, and race/ethnicity, exposure to maternal diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 5.7 [95% CI 2.4–13.4]) and exposure to maternal obesity (2.8 [1.5–5.2]) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes. Adjustment for other perinatal and socioeconomic factors did not alter these associations. When offspring BMI was added, the OR for the association between in utero exposure to obesity and type 2 diabetes was attenuated toward the null (OR 1.1 [0.5–2.4]). Overall, 47.2% (95% CI 30.9–63.5) of type 2 diabetes in youth could be attributed to intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS—Intrauterine exposures to maternal diabetes and obesity are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in youth. Prevention efforts may need to target, in addition to childhood obesity, the increasing number of pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes.
